فصلنامه تاریخ فرهنگ و تمدن اسلامی
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1390)

Having established his government, the messenger of God faced new difficulties of which is his manner of confronting non-Muslims. Three ways have been presented in the field including priority of war, priority of peace and regarding both war and peace each in its appropriate place. On the last, the first would lead to inordinacy and the second to submission. In this way, the only reasonable peace is the one based upon justice and honorability. It sees war necessary in the cases of sedition and injustice. The manner of the Prophet confirms this view with full clearness. All his wars have been defensive and all his payments with non-Muslims and his suggestion of peace to polytheists in the war badr signifies the view.

Genealogy has been counted a subdivision of the science of history and a section of unlettered Arab`s historiography. Some causes like compiling divan, widespread victories and A`rab`s settlement in captured lands, spreading of competitions and prejudices, this inheritance of the unlettered Arab`s age grew rapidly and thereof genealogists and some sources appeared. As the field was in close relation with Imamate and the household of the Prophet, Shi`ite Imamyyeh and Ali`s descendents has played a considerable part in its progression. In yhe paper, an outlook of the field has been presented and the role of Imamyyeh has been described.

China and its civilizatory progressions have been little studied. Awareness of the civilizatory findings of China and their affect on Islamic civilization would lead to a better understanding of Islamic civilization. Though in a superficial look China seems to have not a considerable part in Islamic civilization, studying the matter shows that it was relatively progressed in the ground and its civilization caused Islamic civilization to grow more rapidly. One can count some cases of China findings of civilization as paper industry, pottery, sericulture, fabric industry, production of arms and such inventions as compass, gunpowder, clepsydra and artistic works like painting and scientific progressions.

Always cultural and mental streams are known of a particular and considerable part in big events in societies during history and doubtlessly so has been the case of Islamic culture and civilization in its ups and downs. Paying attention, for instance, to the events in the decades 60 and 70 would make it clear that how some streams of thought under the name of Islam left a historical personality as memorial. Among the events can be counted Ashoora, the event in which Bani Omayye`s part is clearly dominant. In this paper, it has been tried to introduce and studied analytically some of the grounds and causes of the event. As is argued the most fundamental part has been probed as that of Bani Omayye.

Regarding the importance of place in historical events, one can ask: where was the most appropriate place for the appearance of Islam as the last and complete religion in 610 A.D.? Intending to answer the question, this paper has surveyed some particular properties of Arabia Peninsula in cluing its geographical and geopolitical place, and its significance in political, religious and economic situation have considerable affects in appearing, supporting and spreading Islam and, following it, Islamic civilization; the one more or less being stayed. It should be stated that the particularities are now of more ability. The abilities that, given the unity and harmony of Muslims, would play a remarkable role in approving Muslim`s power and situation. Otherwise, it would be a power for those of extravagance and terror as is today. Muslims opponents today, using the conditions, have a golden excuse to invade Islamic countries and societies and destroy them as we see now.

On the problem of the relation between Feqh and civilization different views can be found, as no relation, weak relation and essential or fundamental relation. The problem can be studied in two levels: one relying on the sources of Feqh and the other on the more developed sources. The latter may be called desirable Feqh. If the former be taken as the base, the one in which it is tried to prove the parts, problems and subjects of Feqh with reviewing the books, we can claim a clear relition between Feqh and civilization. Though, it does not mean that all social systems of civilization can be found completely in present Feqh. Yet the structural main frameworks can surely be extracted from the sources. In the paper, the claim that system-making by Feqh as the first step for civilization is due to compiling governmental Feqh, has been studied also.